浅谈传统建筑材料在当代环境艺术设计中的运用

建筑作为一种艺术形式,有着极其深远的历史。本文主要通过传统建筑材料的装饰艺术形式来探讨其在当代环境艺术设计中的运用。     

传统建筑材料在当代环境艺术设计中的运用与研究

在经济不断发展的大背景下,人们的审美意识也不断增强,对于建筑材料与环境艺术的融合提出了更高的要求,并在现在的环境艺术设计中加入了更多新鲜有趣的理念。然而由于固有理念的束缚和一味求新、求变思想的出现,对于传统建筑材料的使用却遇到了不足。其实,在当代环境艺术设计中,环境设计的基本元素,不仅要能表现艺术,在视角和造景效果上也要能体现出很大的美学价值。本文结合当前传统建材料的应用情况,对其与当代环境艺术设计的结合做一个简单的阐述,对实际设计的美学造诣深入探究,让有价值的传统建筑材料绽放光彩。     

Assessment of tracing element characteristics of F-type fly and bottom ash mixture

Presently, fly ash–water slurry is transported to ash disposal site at very low solid concentration of approximately 15–20% (by weight), resulting in huge water and energy wastage which leads to several environmental and health problem. The production of a large amount of the toxic metal elements in the ash disposal system of the thermal power plants can pose negative environmental effects on human health and on plants. In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the leaching characteristics of fly ash at higher concentrations. The bottom ash was taken as an additive in the proportion of 10, 20, and 30% (by weight) to enhance the leaching characteristics of fly ash. The solid concentration of fly ash suspension was taken in the range of 40 to 60% (by weight). The addition of additive helps to reduce the tracing metal concentration of fly ash. Leaching experiment data show that leachate concentration of all tracing elements present in fly ash reduced maximum with 20% addition of bottom ash (by weight). The present study helps to improve the ash disposal system of the thermal power plant and to minimize the environmental impact.     

基于敏感度分析的机床关键几何误差元素辨识与评定

为了正确识别和判定机床关键几何误差元素对机床精度设计的影响,以PCV-620立式加工中心为研究对象,采用多体系统理论建立机床空间误差模型,从而得到机床几何误差元素与机床精度之间的关联函数。对空间误差模型进行灵敏度分析,获得机床各运动方向的局部灵敏度系数,完成机床关键几何误差元素的初步辨识。以局部灵敏度系数为基础,提出一种与局部灵敏度系数和工作空间中任意位置处的几何误差元素值相关的全局灵敏度系数计算方法,将其作为机床关键几何误差元素的辨识和评定标准,分析得到PCV-620立式加工中心的关键几何误差元素包含3项定位误差、3项垂直度误差和5项直线度误差。     

Novel method of constructing generalized Hoberman sphere mechanisms based on deployment axes

This study proposes a method of constructing type II generalized angulated elements (GAEs II) Hoberman sphere mechanisms on the basis of deployment axes that intersect at one point. First, the constraint conditions for inserting n GAEs II into n deployment axes to form a loop are given. The angle constraint conditions of the deployment axes are obtained through a series of linear equations. Second, the connection conditions of two GAEs II loops that share a common deployable center are discussed. Third, a flowchart of constructing the generalized Hoberman sphere mechanism on the basis of deployment axes is provided. Finally, four generalized Hoberman sphere mechanisms based on a fully enclosed regular hexahedron, arithmetic sequence axes, orthonormal arithmetic sequence axes, and spiral-like axes are constructed in accordance with the given arrangement of deployment axes that satisfy the constraint conditions to verify the feasibility of the proposed method.     

微量元素与早产婴幼儿生长发育的相关性

早产是新生儿和 5 岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因,同时作为一种常见的临床不良妊娠结局,不仅增加了母婴短期和长期并发症的风险,而且给个人、家庭和社会造成巨大负担,其发病原因及机制较为复杂,其中母体血液微量元素变化对胎儿发育有着非常重要的影响,微量元素的不平衡,可能导致不良妊娠结局。关于微量元素对早产婴幼儿的作用研究甚少,故本文结合近些年国内外关于微量元素应用的研究,综述了微量元素(铁、铜、锌、硒、锰5种)与早产婴幼儿生长发育的关系,以及微量元素影响早产发生的作用机制(炎症反应、氧化应激、内分泌调节机制),以期为微量元素在早产婴幼儿的生长发育研究中提供一定的理论指导依据。     

Quantitative Elemental Analysis of a Single Cell by Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry in Fast Time-Resolved Analysis Mode

The elemental composition of a single yeast, green alga, or red blood cell (RBC) was precisely determined by using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) operating in fast time-resolved analysis (TRA) mode. The technique is known as single-cell (SC)-ICP-MS. Phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium, zinc, and iron were detected in the three types of cell. The elemental composition of yeast and green alga obtained by SC-ICP-MS was consistent with results obtained from conventional ICP-MS measurements following acid digestion of the cells. Slight differences were found in the measured values between SC-ICP-MS and the conventional ICP-MS results for RBC. However, the SC-ICP-MS results for S and Fe in RBC were closer to the estimated values for these elements that were calculated from the level of hemoglobin in RBCs. The data suggest that SC-ICP-MS is suitable for the analysis of various cell types, namely, fungus, plant, and animal cells.     

区域供水安全指标体系构建及短板要素甄别

根据区域供水特点和供水安全内涵,构建区域供水安全评价指标体系,并辨识了2010~2017年江苏省区域供水安全状态;根据短板要素理论,采用均衡度指标计算不同指标之间的差异,将指标分为短板要素、限制性要素和优势要素。从纵向(年际)和横向(指标)两个方面分析江苏省区域供水的发展状态和原因。结果表明,江苏省区域供水安全状态一直在稳步提高,除去随机性较大的水源子系统,其余三个子系统都在向安全的方向发展。     

International Perspectives on Substantiating the Efficacy of Herbal Dietary Supplements and Herbal Medicines Through Evidence on Traditional Use

The efficacy of botanicals in medicines can be substantiated with evidence on traditional use, whereas in foodstuffs, this is often not possible. In Europe, for example, the evaluation and subsequent authorization of health claims on herbal dietary supplements (HDS) have been put on hold by the European Commission. This study aims to analyze the role of evidence on traditional use in international legal frameworks of foods and pharmaceuticals. Both legal sources as well as scientific studies offering insights into these regulatory frameworks were included into the analysis. The international approach toward evidence on traditional use for substantiating efficacy of botanicals varies highly. For herbal medicines, substantiating efficacy with evidence on traditional use is possible in all studied jurisdictions, except for Japan and the United States. HDS efficacy can only be substantiated with evidence on traditional use in India and New Zealand, although the enforcing authorities do not describe which data are required. Australia and Canada regulate botanicals in a separate “borderline” category from foods and pharmaceuticals. Both jurisdictions allow for substantiating efficacy with evidence on traditional use. This study's second objective was to assess the applicability of the international approaches in the European legal framework, in light of the ongoing political debate regarding the use of traditional evidence. Implementation of the analyzed international approaches would require major revisions of the current European legal framework. This review of international approaches might, however, aid in deciding upon future approaches for substantiating health claims with evidence on traditional use.